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  • There are a surprising number of ferns that grow in some of the hottest deserts in the American Southwest, and the wavy scaly cloak fern is one of them. This extremely hardy fern is  from the Chihuahuan Desert grows in rocky substrates in Northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and surprisingly in parts of Georgia as well. This one was growing in the Chisos Mountains of Big Bend National Park in Western Texas.
    Wavy Scaly Cloak Fern
  • There are a surprising number of ferns that grow in some of the hottest deserts in the American Southwest, and the wavy scaly cloak fern is one of them. This extremely hardy fern is  from the Chihuahuan Desert grows in rocky substrates in Northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and surprisingly in parts of Georgia as well. This one was growing in the Chisos Mountains of Big Bend National Park in Western Texas.
    Wavy Scaly Cloak Fern
  • This attractive desert fern is found across much of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of the United States and Mexico and is easy to recognize by the simple pinnae or leaflets with the coppery-colored stem and undersides of the leaves. Both the tops and bottoms of the leaves are covered in tiny scales. Reportedly toxic to sheep, this and many other ferns like it were found in abundance in the Big Bend National Park of West Texas.
    Cochise Scaly Cloak Fern
  • This attractive desert fern is found across much of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of the United States and Mexico and is easy to recognize by the simple pinnae or leaflets with the coppery-colored stem and undersides of the leaves. Both the tops and bottoms of the leaves are covered in tiny scales. Reportedly toxic to sheep, this and many other ferns like it were found in abundance in the Big Bend National Park of West Texas.
    Cochise Scaly Cloak Fern
  • It might be strange to think that you can find wild ferns growing out in the desert, but there are in fact many types of ferns found out in the driest of habitats. This beautiful star cloak fern photographed in the Quitman Mountains of West Texas has recently had access to water (via rain). In times of drought and extreme heat, these leaves will curl up and the plant will become dormant until it rains again. Somewhat common throughout the Chihuahuan Desert of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico, they are most often found under the north side of rocks and boulders where they can get the most shade and moisture.
    Star Cloak Fern
  • This attractive desert fern is found across much of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of the United States and Mexico and is easy to recognize by the simple pinnae or leaflets with the coppery-colored stem and undersides of the leaves. Both the tops and bottoms of the leaves are covered in tiny scales. Reportedly toxic to sheep, this and many other ferns like it were found in abundance in the Big Bend National Park of West Texas.
    Cochise Scaly Cloak Fern
  • This attractive desert fern is found across much of the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of the United States and Mexico and is easy to recognize by the simple pinnae or leaflets with the coppery-colored stem and undersides of the leaves. Both the tops and bottoms of the leaves are covered in tiny scales. Reportedly toxic to sheep, this and many other ferns like it were found in abundance in the Big Bend National Park of West Texas.
    Cochise Scaly Cloak Fern
  • Western maidenhair ferns are one of the most attractive and distinctive-looking ferns found in North America. It grows on moist hillsides and ravines and  is most common near waterfalls, It grows natively in all of the western American states, British Columbia, and scattered locations in the northeast, the Great Lakes and Quebec. These were found next to Sol Duc Falls in the Olympic Mountains of Washington State.
    Western Maidenhair Fern
  • Western maidenhair ferns are one of the most attractive and distinctive-looking ferns found in North America. It grows on moist hillsides and ravines and  is most common near waterfalls, It grows natively in all of the western American states, British Columbia, and scattered locations in the northeast, the Great Lakes and Quebec. These were found next to Sol Duc Falls in the Olympic Mountains of Washington State.
    Western Maidenhair Fern
  • Western maidenhair ferns are one of the most attractive and distinctive-looking ferns found in North America. It grows on moist hillsides and ravines and  is most common near waterfalls, It grows natively in all of the western American states, British Columbia, and scattered locations in the northeast, the Great Lakes and Quebec. These were found next to Sol Duc Falls in the Olympic Mountains of Washington State.
    Western Maidenhair Fern
  • The Hoh Rain Forest on Washington's Olympic Peninsula is one of the most amazing places in North America to see enormous masses of ferns and mosses. Deer ferns are common throughout the Pacific Northwest and these were found growing in an old-growth part of the forest that is untouched by the logging industry. Native American hunters traditionally used these as a hunger suppressant, and are an important food source for elk in winter.
    Deer Fern
  • Licorice ferns growing high up in a huge bigleaf maple in an ancient old-growth section of the Hoh Rain Forest on Washington's Olympic Peninsula. Found primarily in the Pacific Northwest, the roots of these evergreen ferns have been used medicinally for millennia by local native tribes, and can be found from Southern Alaska to parts of Arizona.
    Licorice Fern
  • A common fern found growing on trees and mossy rocks in the Pacific Northwest, the licorice fern is also one of the many unrelated plants around the world that contain the chemical glycyrrhizin, which gives it the taste of licorice. Historically the roots were chewed on by Native American tribe members as a hunger suppressant, particularly by hunters or those travelling across the land.
    Licorice Ferns
  • Indian's dream (Aspidotis densa), also known as the pod fern, cliff brake, and a handful of other common names, is a small, delicate fern mostly found in the Western states and British Columbia where it grows on rocks cliffs that often associates with serpentine soil. This particular one was found and photographed on Fidalgo Island, in Washington's Puget Sound.
    Indian's Dream
  • Indian's dream (Aspidotis densa), also known as the pod fern, cliff brake, and a handful of other common names, is a small, delicate fern mostly found in the Western states and British Columbia where it grows on rocks cliffs that often associates with serpentine soil. This particular one was found and photographed on Fidalgo Island, in Washington's Puget Sound.
    Indian's Dream
  • A carpet of large western sword ferns covers the understory of the Hoh Rain Forest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, where the air is always cool and dark, and the forest floor is nearly always wet. Historically and importantly, the original native peoples of this part of the world could rely and survive off of the roasted roots (rhizomes) of these ferns during lean times.
    Western Sword Ferns
  • Easily one of the coolest plants to be found in the Chihuahuan desert, and goes by a long list of common names, such as the Rose of Jericho, resurrection plant,  dinosaur plant, siempre viva, stone flower, doradilla, resurrection flower and many more. This attractive member of the spikemoss family looks almost like a lush, green fern during the rainy season in its native habitat of Northern Mexico, Texas and New Mexico, but during dry spells, it desiccates into a brown dormant ball that looks like a tumbleweed, only to rehydrate back to bright, vibrant green after it rains again. These were found in abundance after the springtime rains in West Texas' Big Bend National Park.
    Resurrection Moss
  • Easily one of the coolest plants to be found in the Chihuahuan desert, and goes by a long list of common names, such as the Rose of Jericho, resurrection plant,  dinosaur plant, siempre viva, stone flower, doradilla, resurrection flower and many more. This attractive member of the spikemoss family looks almost like a lush, green fern during the rainy season in its native habitat of Northern Mexico, Texas and New Mexico, but during dry spells, it desiccates into a brown dormant ball that looks like a tumbleweed, only to rehydrate back to bright, vibrant green after it rains again. These were found in abundance after the springtime rains in West Texas' Big Bend National Park.
    Resurrection Moss
  • This delicate little pteridophyte desert fern was found growing from the shade under a massive pile of boulders in the Chihuahuan Desert at the far eastern limit of its range near the Texas-Chihuahua border just south of El Paso in the Quitman Mountains. It is most often found on cliffs and shady overhangs throughout most of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico.
    Spiny Cliffbrake
  • Easily one of the coolest plants to be found in the Chihuahuan desert, and goes by a long list of common names, such as the Rose of Jericho, resurrection plant,  dinosaur plant, siempre viva, stone flower, doradilla, resurrection flower and many more. This attractive member of the spikemoss family looks almost like a lush, green fern during the rainy season in its native habitat of Northern Mexico, Texas and New Mexico, but during dry spells, it desiccates into a brown dormant ball that looks like a tumbleweed, only to rehydrate back to bright, vibrant green after it rains again. These were found in abundance after the springtime rains in West Texas' Big Bend National Park.
    Resurrection Moss
  • This delicate little pteridophyte desert fern was found growing from the shade under a massive pile of boulders in the Chihuahuan Desert at the far eastern limit of its range near the Texas-Chihuahua border just south of El Paso in the Quitman Mountains. It is most often found on cliffs and shady overhangs throughout most of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico.
    Spiny Cliffbrake
  • Easily one of the coolest plants to be found in the Chihuahuan desert, and goes by a long list of common names, such as the Rose of Jericho, resurrection plant,  dinosaur plant, siempre viva, stone flower, doradilla, resurrection flower and many more. This attractive member of the spikemoss family looks almost like a lush, green fern during the rainy season in its native habitat of Northern Mexico, Texas and New Mexico, but during dry spells, it desiccates into a brown dormant ball that looks like a tumbleweed, only to rehydrate back to bright, vibrant green after it rains again. These were found in abundance after the springtime rains in West Texas' Big Bend National Park.
    Resurrection Moss
  • Horsetails have a long history. They were around in the time of dinosaurs, when they grew as tall as trees and grew as great forests, long before flowers had evolved into existence. Somewhat fern-like, they reproduce from spores, and plants will either be the big "leafy" females like these, or a short club-like male.
    Giant Horsetail
  • Step moss is a very distinctive and attractive moss found throughout most of the Pacific Northwest. This lush soft moss grows in carpets on rocks, logs, and trees, such as this growth on the side of a bigleaf maple in the Hoh Rain Forest.
    Step Moss
  • Also known as Virginia glasswort or pickleweed, this interesting saltwater-loving member of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae) can be found in many seaside habitats with saltwater on the Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Extremely tough, it can grow in acidic, neutral and very alkaline soils, and new studies show that the seeds contain 32% fat, which means it has the potential for commercial use in the production of biofuel. Even more interesting and important, if it can be used commercially, this plant is a halophyte - meaning it doesn't require saltwater for irrigation so in the right conditions it might be grown anywhere. These dense mat of American glasswort was found growing in the Woodard Bay Conservation Area just outside of Olympia, Washington.
    American Glasswort (Salicornia virgi..ica)
  • Also known as Virginia glasswort or pickleweed, this interesting saltwater-loving member of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae) can be found in many seaside habitats with saltwater on the Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Extremely tough, it can grow in acidic, neutral and very alkaline soils, and new studies show that the seeds contain 32% fat, which means it has the potential for commercial use in the production of biofuel. Even more interesting and important, if it can be used commercially, this plant is a halophyte - meaning it doesn't require saltwater for irrigation so in the right conditions it might be grown anywhere. These dense mat of American glasswort was found growing in the Woodard Bay Conservation Area just outside of Olympia, Washington.
    American Glasswort (Salicornia virgi..ica)
  • Also known as Virginia glasswort or pickleweed, this interesting saltwater-loving member of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae) can be found in many seaside habitats with saltwater on the Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Extremely tough, it can grow in acidic, neutral and very alkaline soils, and new studies show that the seeds contain 32% fat, which means it has the potential for commercial use in the production of biofuel. Even more interesting and important, if it can be used commercially, this plant is a halophyte - meaning it doesn't require saltwater for irrigation so in the right conditions it might be grown anywhere. These dense mat of American glasswort was found growing in the Woodard Bay Conservation Area just outside of Olympia, Washington.
    American Glasswort (Salicornia virgi..ica)
  • Deep into the Hoh Rain Forest, ancient trees - Sitka spruce, Douglas fir, western hemlock, bigleaf maple, red alder and western red cedar stand tall and solemn. Many of them 500 years old or more!
    Hoh Rain Forest
  • A fresh, beautiful example of these vibrant shelf mushrooms growing on a tree near La Push, Washington just into the trees on Rialto Beach.
    Western Sulphur Shelf
  • Horsetails can be found all over the world, but they do share a lot of characteristics. They are found in wet habitats such as swamps, mountain streams, lakesides where to summers are mild. In the United states, this subspecies of Equisetum telmateia is found throughout much of the rainy Pacific Northwest and even in parts of Michigan.
    Giant Horsetail
  • Close-up detail of the ancient giant horsetail. What you see as leaves are actually branches, and the leaves are the tiny dark brown "feathery" structures that are the only part of the plant that does not contain chlorophyll. This one was photographed in Central Washington just south of Olympia.
    Giant Horsetail Closeup
  • A fresh, new western shelf mushroom growing on a moss-covered stump in an virgin forest area in the Hoh Rain Forest. Sometimes known as chicken-of-the-woods, this mushroom is edible and eaten by many.
    Western Sulphur Shelf
  • A massive bunch of western shelf mushrooms growing on the stump of a dead tree near the Hoh River in the Hoh Rainforest. This is by far the largest growth I've seen, and even though it was a bit beat and old, it was still worth taking this shot, for just the scope and size if nothing else.
    Western Sulphur Shelf
  • The Hoh Rain Forest is a fantastic place for finding huge ferns growing under optimal conditions, such as this massive sword fern growing in the middle of this ancient virgin forest.
    Western Sword Fern
  • These native beauties are very common in the springtime in the Pacific Northwest and can be found in California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia anywhere with moist soil and lots of shade. One interesting feature of the Pacific bleeding heart is how it is spread. The one to two inch pod contains large black seeds with a bit of white fat attached to each one. Ants love this fat, and carry the seeds away. When the seed is discarded, it has a chance to grow in a new location! These were found growing in an old coniferous forest near Deep Lake in Enumclaw, Washington.
    Pacific Bleeding Hearts
  • Springtime in the Pacific Northwest! A brand new seedling Pacific bleeding heart begins its life at the base of an old Douglas fir.
    Pacific Bleeding Heart Seedling
  • These native beauties are very common in the springtime in the Pacific Northwest and can be found in California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia anywhere with moist soil and lots of shade. One interesting feature of the Pacific bleeding heart is how it is spread. The one to two inch pod contains large black seeds with a bit of white fat attached to each one. Ants love this fat, and carry the seeds away. When the seed is discarded, it has a chance to grow in a new location! These were found growing in an old coniferous forest near Deep Lake in Enumclaw, Washington.
    Pacific Bleeding Hearts
  • Late afternoon golden sunlight filters through the trees on the slopes of West Tiger Mountain in Western Washington.
    West Tiger Mountain Forest
  • A brilliantly yellow stream violet pokes it's head out from the frond of a western sword fern on a rare sunny spring day in Enumclaw, Washington.
    Stream Violet
  • An American snout moth resting on a fern on West Tiger Mountain in Washington. These common moths are found across much of North America, but when they are found in more northern mountainous regions, the bold patterns tend to have less contrast and blend together rather than show distinct bands.
    American Snout
  • Close up of the male stalks of the common horsetail. Widespread across almost all of North America, these unusual plants reproduce by spores - much like that of ferns and mosses.
    Common Horsetail
  • Palms, lilies, ferns, and oaks - all commonly found in Florida wetlands like this one just north of Palmetto, Florida in Manatee County.
    Wetlands of Terra Ceia Preserve
  • 180 degree/7 photo panorama on the inside of a Florida Panhandle sink hole. Look closely and you can see rare ferns and flowering orchids.
    Inside a Sinkhole Panorama
  • A large southern tuberculed orchid found growing hidden in the woods in Citrus County, Florida. Were it not for the sunlight on the tiny flowers, I might have missed this one! After a quick search, I found dozens of these nearby among the ferns.
    Southern Tuberculed Orchid (Plantant..ava)